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Explain how legislation, frameworks, codes of practice and policies relating to positive behaviour support are applied to own working practice

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My own working practice involves being familiar with a lot of documentation that enables me to carry out a high standard of care.

 

Legislation including The Health & Safety at Work Act, The Equality Act, The Human Rights Act and The Mental Capacity Act lay down a foundation for working in a way that is safe, healthy and unprejudiced and recognises that all individuals have the same fundamental rights.

 

The now-defunct GSCC produced a Code of Practice for social care workers that is still relevant today and is a useful guide for anyone working within the sector. The Department of Health has produced guidance for restrictive physical interventions which I have used to ascertain when it is appropriate to use physical restraint. The government white papers ‘Putting People First’ and ‘Valuing People’ provide a plethora of guidance for working using a person-centred approach.

 

My company also has its own policies and procedures relating to promoting positive behaviour. I have attached a copy of my company’s Challenging Behaviour Policy & Procedure as evidence.

Describe ways in which discrimination may deliberately or inadvertently occur in the work setting

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Discrimination is often considered to be a deliberate unkind act carried out by racists and misogynists, however it can also occur unintentionally.

Deliberate Discrimination

Harassment, bullying, verbal and physical abuse and even jokes aimed at an individual’s differences should not be tolerated.

There is no place for this type of discrimination in society, let alone the workplace – it is morally and ethically wrong and it is illegal.

If it does occur, your employer should take immediate disciplinary action.

Inadvertent Discrimination

Inadvertent or unintentional discrimination can occur if a rule, policy or action prevents an individual or group of individuals from participating.

For example, if an individual that uses a wheelchair cannot access a restaurant because the doorways aren’t wide enough.

Businesses and care workers must do everything they reasonably can to ensure discrimination does not occur.

 

Explain what is meant by diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination

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Equality Word Cloud

Diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination are important terms to understand for the Level 2 Diploma Unit ‘Equality and Diversity in Care Settings’.

Diversity

Diversity describes the different traits and characteristics of individuals that make them unique. This can include (but is not limited to) things like age, appearance, ability, role, values, beliefs, sexual orientation and gender.

We are all diverse individuals and our differences to one another should be celebrated.

Equality

Equality is ensuring that everybody gets the same opportunities, which may mean adjusting things to accommodate individual needs.

For example, a visually impaired individual may need a document in audio or braille format or somebody to read a printed format for them so that they have the same opportunity (to get information) as other individuals that are able to read the text.

Inclusion

Inclusion is ensuring that all individuals are included in a group or activity and are given the opportunity to participate if that is their wish.

Like equality, it is about treating individuals fairly.

Discrimination

Discrimination is excluding individuals, or not treating them equally, because of their differences.

This may be done unintentionally, which is why it is important to have an awareness of these terms. Extreme cases of deliberate discrimination include harassment and hate crimes.

The Equality Act 2010 makes discrimination illegal.

Analyse Factors that Contribute to the Well Being of Individuals

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The word 'wellbeing' using brightly-coloured letters

Well-being can be thought of as the state of being happy, comfortable and content.

Here are some of the factors that can contribute to an individual’s well-being.

Physical Health

Having a healthy body can make an individual feel good about themselves. This includes getting regular exercise, having a healthy diet and getting adequate sleep. This also reduces the risk of many illnesses. Exercise, in particular, can release endorphins which are chemicals that give the body a natural high.

Financial Resources

Although money is not everything, having enough money to live comfortably and be able to afford to buy personal items and partake in activities is a real factor to well-being. Without financial security, individuals can feel trapped and stressed.

Emotional Support

We all need emotional support from others at certain times in our lives, whether this be from friends, family or other support networks. Having other people to talk to about feelings and emotions is a great reliever of stress.

Social Networks

Similar to emotional support, we also need other people to talk to and share experiences with. Social networks are groups of people that come together to do something such as football teams, church groups or simply a group of friends that get together regularly for a cup of tea. By being part of a group with similar ideals, individuals can obtain affirmation of their self-worth, which contributes towards their self-esteem.

Work & Education

Another factor that can make an individual feel valued is work and education. By striving towards a learning goal or doing worthwhile vocational work, an individual can feel as though they are able to contribute to society and feel fulfilled.

Choice & Control

All individuals have the right to make their own life choices, even if others disagree with their decisions. Having as much control as possible over our own lives can positively affect our well-being.

Respect & Dignity

Similarly, all individuals should be treated with respect and dignity. This is particularly true for vulnerable individuals who are at increased risk of being taken advantage of and abused. If a person is respected and treated in a dignified, they will feel more self-worth.

Example Question & Answer (Well-being Poster)

Your work is running a campaign to improve staff understanding of all aspects of person centred care.

You have been asked to create the following materials:

A iii) A poster that explains the factors which can contribute to the wellbeing of individuals

 

FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AN INDIVIDUAL’S WELL-BEING

Physical Health (e.g. diet, sleep, exercise etc.)

Collection of healthy foods, vitamins and bathroom scales

Social (e.g. relationships with friends and family, opportunity to meet new people etc.)

Group of silhouettes of 5 stick figures above the word 'Social'

Financial (e.g. having enough money, not overspending etc.)

Wads of banknotes and stacks of coins

Psychological (e.g. feeling safe, having someone to talk to etc.)

Side profile of a man's head filled with psychological words such as risk, fear, flashbacks, trauma etc.

Cultural (e.g. being able to live the life that they choose, having views and opinions respected by others etc.)

A handprint containing several national flags

Religious (e.g. having the freedom to practice their religious beliefs, having religious views respected by others etc.)

Religious symbols; star of david (Jewish), yin/yang (Taoism), cross (Christianity), star and crescent (Islam)

Self-esteem (e.g. feeling of belonging, being able to make a positive contribution to society etc.)

Post-it note with a happy stick figure, heart and the words 'I love myself!'

Political (e.g. living in a fair and democratic society, having political opinions respected etc.)

Politician standing at a podium with 'Vote' banners in the background

1.5 Describe the actions to take if an individual cannot give informed consent to the treatment

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A file with 'informed consent' written on it and a stethoscope resting on top

If an individual is unable to give their consent to treatment, tests or examination (perhaps due to not having the capacity to understand the implications) then the healthcare professional should investigate if the individual has a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) or Legally Appointed Deputy (LPD) for their health and welfare. These individuals are able to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the individual and consent can be obtained from them.

Nobody else, including family members and carers, can legally consent for another individual and should never be asked to.

If an individual does not have an LPA or LPD, a best interests meeting must be arranged by the healthcare professional to discuss the best interests of the individual. This meeting must invite everybody that has a stake in the individual’s health so as well as healthcare professionals, the individual’s family/friends should also be consulted.

If, at the conclusion of the meeting, it is decided that it is in the best interest of the individual to commence with the treatment, then the healthcare professional is permitted to go ahead with it.

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